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while i admit to not completely understanding 99% of the things that define astrophysics, i have to say that it still fascinates me alot. the inner workings of the infinite(?) universe and the substances and energies that we dont (cant) see or describe make for good reading. michael moyer of popular science attempts to explain in (relatively) laymans terms some of the theories floating thru the realms of physics that explain how the universe ticks. he goes thru two of the primary theories of the universe…the 10-dimensions theory and the 3-dimensional brane in a 4-dimensional bulk theory. where his article tries to dumb down the theories to understandable english, ill probably dumb it down even further to pre-school levels.
calabi-yau
the first theory…the 10-dimensions, explains that the universe consists of 3-dimensions, the 4th dimension (time), and 6 more located everywhere that fold in on itself and defined as the calabi-yau manifold. the 6-dimensions were theorized after the scientists couldnt get around the fact that most of the energy of the universe is missing (unseen). and its not even a small discrepancy…as the article succinctly illustrates:
Let T be the theoretical magnitude of dark energy.
Let E be the experimental value of dark energy.
If the theorists were right, then T should = E.
Yet T ≠ E.
T = E x 10~120 (10 to the 120th power).
(10~120=1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000)
oops, just a wee difference. it goes on to use a long combination of words to explain how this discrepancy relates to the constituents of the calabi-yau manifolds. head…ouch. i think its still too early for this stuff…moving on.
branes+bulk
the other theory of 3-dimensions in a 4-dimensional bulk is a relatively new theory, having been postulated in 1998. it rose from the inescapable fact that gravity is actually a pretty pathetic force when compared to the other forces out there (electromagnetic, for example). according to theories of particle physics, they should technically be equal. so instead of explaining this inconsistency thru the current model of the universe…3 scientists just created a new dimension. they theorized that our 3-dimensions reside in a 4-dimensional bulk that we cannot travel to…that no particle can travel to, except gravitons. as more gravitons escape to this other dimension, their relative force in ours would weaken…which would explain why gravity is weaker than the other forces in our 3-dimensions. that is the decidedly dumbed down summary of it…and to explain the rest would hurt my head. if you feel your brains slowing down, have a nice read of this article to get your brain tied in knots. i need some tea.
> astrophysics for dummies (via popular science)